Romanov Riches: Russian Writers and Artists Under the Tsars

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Ivan Susanin, the peasant who saved Tsar Mikhail, as portrayed by the bass Ossip Petrov, in a photograph

The composer Mikhail Glinka (1804–1857), whose opera A Life for the Tsar (1836) glorified Mikhail’s accession to the throne in 1613

The second Romanov on the throne, Tsar Alexei (1629–1676)

Peter the Great (1672–1725), Tsar Alexei’s famous and controversial son

The poet and diplomat Antioch Kantemir (1709–1744), Tsar Peter’s apologist

The multitalented Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765)

Ivan Barkov (c. 1732–1768), the Russian François Villon

Catherine the Great (1729–1796) who was vilified in Soviet times as a “depraved and criminal woman”

The state minister Gavrila Derzhavin (1743–1816), Catherine’s most esteemed poet

Alexander I (1777–1825), Napoleon’s nemesis

Nikolai Karamzin (1766–1826), Alexander’s court historian

Alexander Pushkin (1799–1837), Russia’s greatest poet

The poet Vassily Zhukovsky (1783–1852), Pushkin’s mentor and protector