Newhall_Beaumont_The_History_of_Photography_1

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Use of cameras by artists since the Renaissance — Schulze's observations on the light sensitivity of silver salts —The demand for pictures met in the eighteenth century by

the silhouette, physionotrace and camera lucida — Wedgwood makes unfixed prints by light action, 1802 —Niepce takes photographic negatives, 1816 — Searches for a direct positive technique — Meets Daguerre — Becomes his partner

2. THE MIRROR WITH A MEMORY 17

Daguerre perfects Niepce's technique — First success, 1837 —Names it daguerreotype—French government purchases secret — Divulged at public meeting, August

19, 1839 —Spread of daguerreotype — Technique — Portraits at eight-minute exposures — Technical advances in lens-making, sensitizing, toning — Americans excel — Landscapes — Portraits of celebrities — Brady — Southworth & Hawes — The daguerreotype becomes obsolete

3. PRINTS FROM PAPER 33

Talbot makes contact prints and camera negatives with silver chloride paper, 1835 — Shows results in London, 1839, to establish priority over Daguerre — Adopts Herschel’s discovery of “hypo” as fixing bath — Perfects calotype — The Pencil of Nature (1844) — Patent litigation — Hill and Adamson — Introduction of calotype to America — To France: Blanquart-Evrard, Le Secq — The forgotten man, Bayard

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