Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East

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Commissar Order — “Guidelines for the Treatment of Political Commissars”; order of 6 June 1941 to shoot Red Army political officers

Edelweiss — advance into the Caucasus, July–November 1942

Einsatzgruppe — mobile killing squad

Einsatzkommando — subunit of an Einsatzgruppe

Fredericus — operation against the Izyum bulge, May 1942

Freikorps — German paramilitary groups

front — Soviet equivalent of an army group

Frühlingserwachen — Spring Awakening, German offensive toward Budapest, March 1945

Gauleiter — Nazi Party regional leader

Generalplan Ost — General Plan East

Gestapo — Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police)

Hiwi — Hilfswillige(r), Russian volunteers/auxiliaries who performed noncombat duties with the German army

Kampfgruppe — battle group (usually formed of units seriously reduced in strength)

Kessel — pocket; cauldron

Kesselschlacht — a battle of encirclement

Landser — German infantryman

Lebensraum — living space