Russia. A History

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Landless peasant (in Soviet jargon, a peasant who had no land and earned his support as a hired agricultural labourer)

Bedniak

Poor peasant (in Soviet jargon, a peasant whose farm income was insufficient and who had to hire himself out to kulaks)

Besprizorniki

Homeless, orphaned children in the 1920s

Boyar duma

Boyar council in medieval Russia

Central Committee

Centner

Hundredweight, or 100 kg. (from the German Zentner)

Cheka

Extraordinary Commission (created in December 1917 to ‘combat counter-revolution and sabotage’)

Chernozem

Black-earth region of southern Russia

Chetvert′

Unit of dry measure for grain, equivalent to 288 pounds of rye in the seventeenth century

CIS

Commonwealth of Independent States (established in December 1991 as an association of most of the former Soviet republics)

Cominform

Communist Information Bureau (established in 1947 to coordinate Communist Parties in the Western and Eastern blocs)